Dental plaque, a sticky film composed of bacteria and their byproducts, begins to accumulate on tooth surfaces very rapidly after eating. Within hours of consuming food, particularly carbohydrates, bacteria in the mouth metabolize sugars and produce acids that contribute to the formation of this biofilm. The initial formation is a continuous and dynamic process, with the composition and thickness evolving over time.
The speed of buildup has significant implications for oral health. Early detection and removal are critical to preventing the development of dental caries (cavities) and periodontal disease (gum disease). Regular oral hygiene practices, such as brushing and flossing, mechanically disrupt the developing biofilm, minimizing its potential to cause harm. Neglecting these practices allows the biofilm to mature and calcify, eventually forming calculus or tartar, which is more difficult to remove.
