Cultivating lavender plants starting from tiny grains of potential is a method of propagation that allows for control over the specific variety and the potential for a large number of plants. This process begins with the careful selection of viable grains, followed by specific preparation and nurturing techniques to encourage germination and healthy seedling development. The success of this venture depends on understanding the particular requirements of lavender at each stage of its growth.
Starting from such a nascent state offers several advantages. One gains access to less common cultivars that might not be readily available as established plants. Furthermore, propagation in this manner can be a cost-effective solution for creating a substantial lavender presence in a garden or landscape. Historically, propagation via this method was crucial for distributing valuable plant species across different regions and ensuring the availability of desired traits.
The following sections will delve into the specifics of this propagation method, covering aspects such as seed selection and stratification, optimal soil composition and planting techniques, and providing information on maintaining ideal environmental conditions to promote vigorous growth and eventual establishment of mature, flowering lavender plants.
1. Seed stratification essential
Seed stratification is a crucial prerequisite for successful lavender cultivation from seed. This process simulates the natural winter conditions that lavender grains would experience in their native environment. Lavender seeds possess a germination inhibitor that prevents sprouting during unfavorable conditions. By exposing the grains to a period of cold, moist conditions, this inhibitor is gradually broken down, thereby enabling germination when favorable spring-like conditions arrive. Without stratification, a significant proportion of lavender seeds will remain dormant and fail to sprout.
The practical application of stratification involves placing the seeds in a moist medium, such as vermiculite or peat moss, and storing them in a refrigerator for a period typically ranging from 4 to 6 weeks. Maintaining consistent moisture throughout this period is essential, as drying out can render the stratification process ineffective. The specific duration and temperature may vary depending on the lavender species; therefore, consulting specific guidelines for the chosen cultivar is recommended. A common mistake is failing to maintain consistent moisture levels, leading to seed desiccation and failure.
In summary, seed stratification is an indispensable step in cultivating lavender from seed, acting as a critical trigger for germination. Ignoring this step typically results in low germination rates and wasted effort. Understanding the biological reasons behind the necessity of stratification and implementing the process correctly significantly increases the likelihood of successfully establishing lavender plants from seed. Overcoming the challenges associated with maintaining proper moisture and temperature during stratification is key to unlocking the potential of these tiny grains.
2. Well-draining soil required
The requirement for well-draining soil is paramount when pursuing lavender cultivation from seed. The delicate root systems of nascent lavender plants are particularly susceptible to root rot and fungal diseases in waterlogged conditions. Consequently, the soil composition must facilitate efficient water percolation to ensure root health and vigorous development.
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Prevention of Root Rot
Lavender roots, in their early stages, are not adapted to prolonged submersion. Excess moisture around the roots creates an anaerobic environment, fostering the proliferation of pathogens such as Phytophthora and Pythium. These pathogens attack and destroy root tissue, leading to plant decline and eventual death. Well-draining soil mitigates this risk by allowing excess water to flow away from the root zone, thereby maintaining an oxygenated environment and preventing pathogen establishment. For example, heavy clay soils, notorious for poor drainage, are unsuitable for lavender cultivation unless amended with materials that improve soil structure and porosity.
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Enhanced Oxygen Availability
Plant roots require oxygen for respiration, a fundamental process for energy production and nutrient uptake. Waterlogged soil deprives roots of this essential oxygen, hindering their ability to function effectively. Well-draining soil provides adequate air spaces for oxygen to diffuse to the roots, supporting healthy root growth and nutrient absorption. Sandy loam soils, with their optimal balance of sand, silt, and clay, exemplify well-draining soil types that facilitate efficient oxygen transport to plant roots.
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Improved Nutrient Uptake
Waterlogged conditions can impede nutrient availability and uptake by lavender roots. Excess water can leach essential nutrients from the soil, making them inaccessible to plants. Furthermore, anaerobic conditions can alter the chemical form of nutrients, rendering them less soluble and more difficult for plants to absorb. Well-draining soil promotes efficient nutrient cycling and retention, ensuring that lavender plants have access to the necessary nutrients for optimal growth and development. The addition of organic matter, such as compost, to well-draining soil further enhances nutrient availability and soil fertility.
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Optimal Root Development
Lavender seedlings develop a stronger, more extensive root system in well-draining soil. The roots are not constricted by heavy, compacted soil and can readily penetrate the soil profile in search of water and nutrients. A robust root system anchors the plant, making it more resilient to environmental stresses, such as drought and wind. Additionally, a well-developed root system enhances the plant’s ability to absorb water and nutrients, promoting vigorous top growth and abundant flowering. Amending soil with perlite or vermiculite is effective in improving soil structure, promoting better root aeration, and facilitating healthy root development.
In conclusion, the requirement for well-draining soil is not merely a suggestion, but a fundamental necessity for successfully raising lavender from seed. Addressing this soil characteristic is the starting point for avoiding the failure of lavender seedlings in an unsuitable soil. Through careful soil preparation and selection, the optimal conditions for lavender root health and overall plant vitality can be established, paving the way for flourishing lavender plants.
3. Consistent moisture needed
The provision of consistent moisture is a critical determinant in the successful germination of lavender from seed and subsequent seedling development. The initial imbibition of water triggers the germination process, activating enzymes essential for breaking down stored food reserves within the seed and initiating cell division. Inconsistent moisture levels, characterized by alternating periods of excessive wetness and dryness, can disrupt these processes, leading to seed desiccation or fungal infection, both of which result in germination failure. Therefore, a consistent moisture regime is not merely beneficial, but fundamentally necessary during the germination phase.
Maintaining consistent moisture involves a careful balance. Overwatering creates anaerobic conditions, hindering oxygen uptake by the developing root system and fostering the growth of detrimental fungi. Conversely, allowing the growing medium to dry out completely can lead to seed or seedling dehydration and death. A practical approach involves regular monitoring of the growing medium’s moisture level and applying water as needed to maintain a slightly moist, but not saturated, condition. The use of a fine mist sprayer is recommended to avoid dislodging delicate seedlings or compacting the soil surface. The specific frequency of watering will depend on factors such as ambient temperature, humidity, and the type of growing medium used.
In summary, the necessity for consistent moisture when cultivating lavender from seed stems from the delicate physiological processes involved in germination and early seedling development. Fluctuations in moisture availability disrupt these processes, leading to reduced germination rates and increased seedling mortality. By implementing careful watering practices and monitoring environmental conditions, one can provide the consistent moisture required for successful lavender cultivation from seed. Consistent soil moisture is one important aspect of how to grow lavender from a seed.
4. Adequate sunlight crucial
Adequate sunlight is not merely beneficial, but essential for the successful cultivation of lavender from seed. Lavender, as a Mediterranean native, is adapted to environments characterized by intense solar radiation and extended daylight hours. The energy derived from sunlight, through the process of photosynthesis, drives the production of carbohydrates, which are fundamental building blocks for plant growth and development. Without sufficient sunlight, lavender seedlings will exhibit stunted growth, pale coloration, and reduced flowering potential, ultimately compromising the success of the entire cultivation endeavor. For instance, seedlings grown indoors under inadequate lighting conditions often display etiolation, a phenomenon characterized by elongated, weak stems and sparse foliage, rendering them vulnerable to disease and unable to thrive upon eventual transplanting.
The practical implications of this requirement extend from the initial seed starting phase through to the establishment of mature plants. When starting lavender from seed indoors, supplemental lighting, such as fluorescent grow lights or LED panels, is frequently necessary to compensate for the reduced light intensity typically found indoors. The lights should be positioned close to the seedlings and operated for a minimum of 14-16 hours per day to mimic the long days of summer. Once the seedlings have developed several sets of true leaves and are ready for transplanting outdoors, selecting a planting location that receives at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight daily is paramount. Failure to provide adequate sunlight at any stage of development will significantly reduce the chances of successfully cultivating healthy, flowering lavender plants.
In summary, understanding the crucial role of adequate sunlight is indispensable for those seeking to propagate lavender from seed. From providing supplemental lighting indoors to selecting a sun-drenched planting location outdoors, sunlight must be carefully considered throughout the entire process. Ignoring this fundamental requirement will invariably lead to disappointment and underscore the interconnectedness of environmental factors in plant cultivation. Understanding how much sunlight lavender needs is a vital element of how to grow lavender from a seed.
5. Proper air circulation
Air circulation plays a critical, often underestimated, role in the successful cultivation of lavender from seed. Stagnant air creates a microclimate conducive to fungal diseases and inhibits transpiration, thereby hindering the healthy development of young seedlings. Adequate air movement, however, promotes a more favorable environment, mitigating disease risk and facilitating optimal growth.
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Disease Prevention
Stagnant air fosters the proliferation of fungal pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) and various damping-off fungi, which can decimate lavender seedlings. These pathogens thrive in humid conditions with minimal air movement. Proper air circulation reduces humidity levels around the plants, creating an environment less conducive to fungal growth and spore dispersal. Implementing fans in indoor growing areas or ensuring adequate spacing between plants outdoors facilitates air movement and minimizes the risk of fungal infections.
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Enhanced Transpiration
Transpiration, the process by which plants lose water vapor through their leaves, is essential for nutrient transport and temperature regulation. Adequate air circulation facilitates transpiration by removing humid air from around the leaf surfaces, creating a concentration gradient that drives water movement from the roots to the shoots. Inhibited transpiration, caused by stagnant air, can lead to nutrient deficiencies and overheating, particularly in young, vulnerable lavender seedlings.
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Stronger Stem Development
Gentle air movement encourages the development of stronger, more resilient stems in lavender seedlings. Plants exposed to slight breezes or fan-induced air movement exhibit increased stem thickness and reduced susceptibility to lodging (falling over). This adaptation is a response to the mechanical stress imposed by the moving air, which stimulates the production of strengthening tissues in the stem. Stronger stems are better able to support the plant’s growth and withstand environmental challenges, such as wind and heavy rain.
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Improved Carbon Dioxide Uptake
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a vital ingredient for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Stagnant air can create a CO2-depleted microclimate around plant leaves, limiting the rate of photosynthesis. Proper air circulation replenishes the CO2 supply, ensuring that plants have access to sufficient carbon dioxide for optimal growth. This is particularly important in enclosed growing environments, such as greenhouses or indoor grow rooms, where CO2 levels can quickly become limiting without adequate ventilation.
In conclusion, proper air circulation is a fundamental, yet often overlooked, aspect of successful lavender cultivation from seed. Addressing this environmental factor can significantly reduce disease incidence, enhance transpiration, promote stronger stem development, and improve carbon dioxide uptake, all of which contribute to healthier, more vigorous lavender seedlings. Ignoring the importance of air circulation can undermine even the most diligent efforts in other areas of lavender cultivation, underscoring its critical role in the overall success of the endeavor.
6. Prevent fungal diseases
Fungal diseases represent a significant threat to lavender seedlings propagated from seed, capable of decimating entire cohorts if left unchecked. The warm, humid conditions often favored for seed germination inadvertently create an ideal environment for fungal pathogens to proliferate. Damping-off, a common complex of fungal diseases caused by organisms such as Rhizoctonia, Pythium, and Fusarium, targets young seedlings, causing stem lesions at the soil line, leading to collapse and death. Therefore, proactive measures to prevent fungal diseases are integral to the successful implementation of how to grow lavender from a seed; otherwise, the endeavor is frequently met with failure.
Preventative strategies encompass several key aspects. Starting with sterile seed-starting mixes minimizes the presence of pre-existing fungal spores in the growing medium. Ensuring adequate air circulation reduces humidity around the seedlings, inhibiting fungal growth. Avoiding overwatering prevents waterlogged conditions that favor fungal proliferation. The strategic use of preventative fungicides, applied according to label instructions, can further reduce the risk of infection. For example, a light application of a copper-based fungicide can protect seedlings from many common fungal pathogens without causing phytotoxicity. Furthermore, closely monitoring seedlings for early signs of fungal infection, such as lesions or wilting, enables prompt intervention to prevent widespread disease.
In conclusion, preventing fungal diseases is not merely an optional consideration but a critical component of how to grow lavender from a seed. The vulnerability of young seedlings to fungal pathogens necessitates the implementation of proactive preventative measures throughout the propagation process. By employing sterile growing media, promoting adequate air circulation, avoiding overwatering, and considering the judicious use of preventative fungicides, the risk of fungal diseases can be minimized, thereby increasing the likelihood of successfully establishing healthy lavender plants from seed. Understanding and addressing this threat is paramount to achieving success in lavender propagation.
7. Transplant carefully
The process of transplanting lavender seedlings cultivated from seed represents a particularly vulnerable stage in their development. The transition from a controlled, often confined, environment to a larger, more exposed setting necessitates careful handling and consideration of several factors to minimize transplant shock and ensure successful establishment.
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Minimizing Root Disturbance
Lavender seedlings possess delicate root systems that are easily damaged during transplanting. Excessive handling or rough extraction from the seed-starting tray can result in root breakage or desiccation, hindering the plant’s ability to absorb water and nutrients. Employing techniques that minimize root disturbance, such as gently loosening the soil around the roots with a small tool or using biodegradable pots that can be planted directly into the ground, is crucial. For instance, using peat pots, although environmentally questionable, avoids root disturbance because the entire pot is planted.
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Acclimation to Outdoor Conditions
Seedlings raised indoors are not acclimated to the harsher conditions of the outdoor environment, including direct sunlight, wind, and temperature fluctuations. Abruptly transplanting seedlings from a sheltered indoor environment to the outdoors can result in sunburn, windburn, and overall stress, weakening the plant and increasing its susceptibility to disease. A gradual acclimation process, known as “hardening off,” involves gradually exposing the seedlings to outdoor conditions over a period of several days or weeks, allowing them to adjust to the increased light intensity, temperature variations, and air movement. For example, starting with an hour of outdoor exposure and incrementally increasing it each day until the seedlings can tolerate a full day in the sun is a common practice.
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Appropriate Planting Depth and Spacing
Planting seedlings at the correct depth and spacing is essential for their long-term health and vigor. Planting too deeply can suffocate the roots, while planting too shallowly can expose them to desiccation. Similarly, overcrowding seedlings can lead to competition for resources, such as sunlight, water, and nutrients, inhibiting growth. The optimal planting depth is generally at the same level as the seedling was growing in its original container. Spacing should be determined based on the mature size of the lavender variety being grown; providing adequate space between plants ensures proper air circulation and reduces the risk of disease.
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Post-Transplant Care
The initial period following transplanting is critical for seedling establishment. Providing adequate moisture, protection from extreme weather conditions, and monitoring for signs of stress or disease are essential. Watering the transplanted seedlings thoroughly but gently helps to settle the soil around the roots and encourages root growth. Applying a light layer of mulch around the base of the plants helps to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. Protection from strong winds or intense sunlight may be necessary during the first few days or weeks after transplanting, particularly in harsh environments.
In summary, the transplanting stage represents a significant transition for lavender seedlings propagated from seed, demanding careful attention to detail and a proactive approach to minimizing stress and promoting successful establishment. Minimizing root disturbance, acclimating seedlings to outdoor conditions, planting at the appropriate depth and spacing, and providing diligent post-transplant care are all crucial elements in ensuring that these young plants thrive and reach their full potential. Attention to detail is essential to how to grow lavender from a seed.
8. Patience imperative
The cultivation of lavender from seed is a process that demands a considerable investment of time and effort, underscoring the crucial role of patience. Unlike propagation via cuttings or division, which yields more immediate results, starting from seed requires a sustained commitment and acceptance of a protracted timeline. The period from initial sowing to the emergence of mature, flowering plants can span several months, if not a full year, testing the resolve of even the most dedicated gardener.
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Germination Variability
Lavender seed germination is inherently variable, with germination rates often lower and more inconsistent compared to other plant species. Some seeds may sprout within a few weeks, while others can remain dormant for extended periods. This variability necessitates patience, as expecting uniform and rapid germination is unrealistic. Prematurely discarding seed trays based on an initial lack of activity can result in the loss of potentially viable seeds. Regular monitoring and continued provision of optimal conditions are essential, even if visible progress is slow.
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Slow Seedling Development
Lavender seedlings exhibit relatively slow growth rates, particularly during the initial stages of development. The focus of the young plant is primarily on establishing a robust root system, with above-ground growth often appearing minimal. This slow pace can be discouraging, leading to the perception that the seedlings are failing to thrive. However, consistent care and adherence to proper cultivation techniques, coupled with patience, will eventually yield visible results as the plants mature.
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Environmental Sensitivity
Lavender seedlings are particularly susceptible to environmental stresses, such as temperature fluctuations, inconsistent moisture levels, and pest infestations. Recovering from these setbacks requires time and careful intervention. Impatience and hasty actions, such as over-fertilizing or excessive watering, can exacerbate the problem. Allowing the plants adequate time to recover and adjusting cultivation practices based on observed responses is critical for their long-term health.
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Delayed Gratification of Flowering
Unlike some annuals that flower within a few weeks of germination, lavender plants typically do not flower until their second year of growth. This delayed gratification can be challenging for gardeners accustomed to more immediate results. Understanding the natural growth cycle of lavender and appreciating the aesthetic value of the foliage, even in the absence of flowers, is essential for maintaining a patient and realistic perspective. The eventual reward of fragrant, vibrant blooms makes the initial investment of time and effort worthwhile.
In conclusion, the cultivation of lavender from seed is an exercise in patience. The extended timeline, variability in germination, slow seedling development, environmental sensitivity, and delayed gratification of flowering all demand a sustained commitment and acceptance of the natural pace of plant growth. Recognizing the importance of patience and adjusting expectations accordingly will significantly enhance the likelihood of successfully establishing healthy, flowering lavender plants. This underscores that patience is not just a virtue, but a practical necessity in this particular horticultural endeavor.
9. Select viable seeds
The success of cultivating lavender from seed is fundamentally contingent upon the initial selection of viable seeds. Seed viability, referring to the seed’s capacity to germinate and develop into a healthy plant, directly influences the germination rate and the overall vigor of the resulting lavender crop. Planting non-viable seeds invariably leads to germination failure, rendering all subsequent efforts in soil preparation, watering, and environmental control futile. The selection process, therefore, constitutes the initial and arguably most crucial step in how to grow lavender from a seed, dictating the potential for success or failure from the outset. For example, a batch of lavender seeds stored improperly for an extended period may exhibit significantly reduced viability, resulting in minimal or no germination despite optimal growing conditions.
The determination of seed viability can be approached through various methods. A simple visual inspection can reveal obvious defects, such as cracked or shriveled seeds, which are unlikely to germinate. More sophisticated techniques involve float tests, where viable seeds sink in water due to their higher density, while non-viable seeds float. Germination tests, conducted by placing a small sample of seeds on a moist paper towel and observing their sprouting rate over a defined period, provide a more accurate assessment of viability. In practical application, a commercial lavender grower would routinely conduct germination tests on new seed lots to determine the seeding rate required to achieve a desired plant density. Furthermore, understanding the seed source and storage conditions is essential. Reputable seed suppliers typically provide information on seed viability and recommended storage practices, ensuring that seeds are properly dried and stored at low temperatures to maintain their germinative capacity.
In conclusion, the selection of viable seeds is inextricably linked to the success of cultivating lavender from seed. Investing time and effort in assessing seed viability prior to planting mitigates the risk of wasted resources and disappointment. Employing simple visual inspection, float tests, or germination tests provides valuable information for optimizing planting strategies and maximizing the potential for a thriving lavender crop. This initial step, often overlooked, is the cornerstone of how to grow lavender from a seed, emphasizing the importance of informed decision-making throughout the entire propagation process. Choosing viable seeds helps avoid frustration and increases the chances of growing healthy lavender plants.
Frequently Asked Questions
The following section addresses common inquiries and misconceptions surrounding the propagation of lavender from seed, offering concise, evidence-based answers to guide prospective cultivators.
Question 1: Is it truly feasible to grow lavender from seed, considering its reputation for propagation challenges?
While lavender is often propagated vegetatively (cuttings, division), cultivation from seed is entirely achievable with adherence to specific requirements, including stratification, appropriate soil conditions, and consistent moisture. Success rates may be lower compared to vegetative methods, but the potential for obtaining a large number of plants makes it a worthwhile endeavor.
Question 2: What is the optimal timing for sowing lavender seeds?
Lavender seeds can be sown indoors 8-10 weeks before the last expected frost or directly outdoors after the threat of frost has passed. Indoor sowing allows for a longer growing season and greater control over environmental conditions.
Question 3: What specific type of soil is best suited for germinating lavender seeds?
A well-draining, sterile seed-starting mix is crucial. The mix should be lightweight and free from pathogens to prevent damping-off and other fungal diseases. Avoid using garden soil, as it is often too heavy and may contain harmful organisms.
Question 4: What is the proper method for stratifying lavender seeds?
Stratification involves placing the seeds in a moist medium, such as vermiculite or peat moss, and storing them in a refrigerator (approximately 4C or 40F) for 4-6 weeks. Maintaining consistent moisture is essential to prevent seed desiccation.
Question 5: How much sunlight do lavender seedlings require?
Lavender seedlings require at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. If grown indoors, supplemental lighting, such as fluorescent grow lights or LED panels, may be necessary to provide adequate illumination.
Question 6: What are the common signs of overwatering or underwatering lavender seedlings?
Overwatering is indicated by wilting, yellowing leaves, and the presence of fungal growth on the soil surface. Underwatering is characterized by dry, brittle leaves and stunted growth. Maintaining a slightly moist but not saturated soil condition is optimal.
Success in propagating lavender from seed hinges on a thorough understanding of its specific requirements and meticulous attention to detail. A proactive approach to preventing common problems is paramount for achieving a thriving lavender crop.
The following section will explore common challenges of growing lavender from seed.
Expert Tips for Successfully Growing Lavender From Seed
Achieving success in lavender propagation from seed requires meticulous attention to detail and adherence to proven best practices. The following tips offer insights gleaned from experienced lavender cultivators, providing a pathway to maximizing germination rates and fostering healthy plant development.
Tip 1: Employ Seed Priming Techniques: Soaking lavender seeds in water for 12-24 hours prior to stratification can enhance germination rates. This process imbibes the seeds with moisture, kickstarting the germination process and potentially shortening the stratification period.
Tip 2: Utilize Bottom Watering: Watering lavender seedlings from the bottom prevents overwatering and minimizes the risk of fungal diseases. Placing the seed tray in a shallow dish of water allows the growing medium to absorb moisture from below, promoting healthy root development and reducing leaf wetness.
Tip 3: Maintain Consistent Temperature: Lavender seeds germinate most effectively within a narrow temperature range (approximately 20-25C or 68-77F). Employing a heat mat beneath the seed tray can help maintain a consistent temperature and improve germination rates.
Tip 4: Ensure Adequate Air Circulation: Lavender seedlings are susceptible to fungal diseases in humid conditions. Providing adequate air circulation, through the use of a small fan or by ensuring adequate spacing between plants, reduces humidity and minimizes the risk of fungal infections.
Tip 5: Provide Gentle Fertilization: Once lavender seedlings have developed several sets of true leaves, begin fertilizing with a diluted, balanced fertilizer. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can damage the delicate root systems. A fertilizer solution diluted to half-strength is generally recommended.
Tip 6: Monitor pH Levels: Lavender thrives in slightly alkaline soil (pH 6.5-8.0). Regularly monitor the pH of the growing medium and adjust as necessary to maintain optimal conditions for growth. Soil test kits are readily available and provide accurate readings.
Tip 7: Protect from Pests: Lavender seedlings can be vulnerable to pests, such as aphids and spider mites. Regularly inspect the plants for signs of infestation and take appropriate action, such as applying insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Consistently implementing these tips will significantly improve the likelihood of successfully propagating lavender from seed, resulting in healthier, more vigorous plants and a more rewarding gardening experience. Attention to these details will improve the overall outcome of how to grow lavender from a seed.
The next section will conclude this exploration of lavender seed propagation.
Conclusion
The preceding discussion has outlined the fundamental principles and practical techniques involved in how to grow lavender from a seed. Successful lavender cultivation from seed requires meticulous attention to seed selection and stratification, soil composition and moisture control, environmental factors such as sunlight and air circulation, and proactive measures to prevent fungal diseases. Careful transplanting and consistent monitoring further contribute to the successful establishment of these plants. These elements, when carefully managed, provide the foundation for successful growth.
The propagation of lavender from seed presents both challenges and rewards. Understanding the inherent requirements of this process empowers cultivators to navigate potential obstacles and achieve thriving lavender plants. While alternative methods of propagation exist, mastering how to grow lavender from a seed offers a cost-effective means of establishing a significant lavender presence and fostering a deeper connection with the plant’s life cycle. Continued research and refined techniques will undoubtedly further enhance the success rates and accessibility of this propagation method in the future.
