The process of elevating the concentration of unbound, active chlorine in a water system is a crucial aspect of maintaining water sanitation. This involves adding chlorine compounds to water, allowing the chlorine to dissociate and exist as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ions (OCl-). The effectiveness of this process is dependent on factors like pH, water temperature, and the presence of organic matter or other contaminants that may consume the chlorine. For example, adding calcium hypochlorite to a swimming pool will raise the level of available chlorine to disinfect and oxidize.
Maintaining appropriate sanitation levels is vital for preventing the spread of waterborne illnesses and ensuring the safety of water for recreational or potable use. Historically, various methods have been employed, from early forms of chlorination using gaseous chlorine to modern approaches utilizing stabilized chlorine compounds. The effectiveness of these methods in eliminating harmful pathogens and preventing algae growth has made it a cornerstone of public health.
