The process of reducing or eliminating the magnetic field of a magnetized object is known by several terms, but fundamentally involves disrupting the alignment of its magnetic domains. These domains, microscopic regions with aligned magnetic moments, contribute to the overall magnetic strength. When these domains are randomly oriented, the material exhibits little to no external magnetic field. This is the essence of reducing magnetism in a ferrous material.
Diminishing magnetism is important in various applications. It prevents unwanted attraction or interference in sensitive equipment, avoids data corruption in magnetic storage media, and allows for the reuse or recycling of magnetic materials. Historically, techniques for achieving this have evolved from simple methods involving impact to more sophisticated approaches utilizing alternating current fields and high temperatures.