Determining the authenticity of amber involves a series of tests designed to differentiate it from common imitations, such as glass, plastic, copal (immature resin), and other natural resins. These tests exploit the unique physical and chemical properties of genuine fossilized tree resin. For example, real amber is relatively soft and lightweight, often exhibiting electrostatic properties when rubbed.
The ability to distinguish genuine amber from simulants is important for collectors, jewelers, and researchers. Correct identification ensures the value of pieces, prevents fraudulent sales, and supports accurate scientific study of fossilized plant material and any inclusions it may contain. Historically, amber has been valued for its beauty, rarity, and purported medicinal properties, making authentication a crucial step in its trade and use.