The process involves the transformation of ethanol in alcoholic beverages into acetic acid, the primary component of the final product. This biotransformation is facilitated by acetic acid bacteria, a group of microorganisms that require oxygen to perform this conversion. The end result is a sour liquid with a distinctive flavor profile suitable for culinary and preservation purposes.
This conversion not only provides a method for salvaging wine that has oxidized or otherwise become unsuitable for drinking, but it also produces a valuable ingredient for food preparation and preservation. Historically, this practice has been employed for centuries as a way to extend the shelf life of perishable foods and add unique flavors to dishes. Its natural acidity inhibits the growth of many spoilage organisms, making it a time-tested method.